What is the problem of communication with aliens, according to Peters Term Paper

What is the problem of communication with aliens, according to Peters - Term Paper Example Otherness is the condition in which an individual develops the belief of being different or possessing another form as compared to the majority around him/her. The notion of otherness in philosophy has been advanced since the debate on the existence of extraterrestrial beings and other unidentified objects within space. The feeling of otherness exists in a number of situations and depends on an individual state of being, experiences and level of knowledge and exposure (Peters 231). In the development of the otherness feeling, two classification of individuals arises which includes the 'us' versus 'them' feeling, one which is currently dominant in the discourse of aliens and terrestrial life. The out-group, which in this situation happens to be the aliens, is coherent as a group due to the opposition it receives from the in-groups, which are the human beings. One common example of the feeling of otherness arises from the western versus others feeling which is created by the strong bel ief that the west are more superior to the others. In this ethnic discourse, the feeling of otherness is strengthened by binary logic, which is more attached to the strong principle of self-identity. Within this set of argument, 'us' and 'them' hypothesis and reasoning is created from the grouping that exists in us and the distinctions from their groupings. For example, the division of one group into heterosexuals and homosexuals while the other group forms the male and female dichotomy forms the basis behind the advancement of this notion (Peters 243). The preoccupation with alien invasion and the need to develop communication means with the extraterrestrial beings has led to the establishment of the communication with extraterrestrial intelligence, which seeks to develop communication protocols. Just like the craze for developing human-animal communication processes, alien communication has grown since the 20th century. In case of any alien encounter, attempts to communicate will occur due to human instinct power but communication will not be the end of the problem. Just as human-animal communication has been described as one way communication, human-alien communication can also fall into this category. In an attempt to understand and discern the information from the aliens, human may be subjected to erroneous fabrication and interpretation of the message from the aliens. It is common knowledge that the desire to communicate with extraterrestrial beings is capped with dialectic enlightenment. Human have shown interest in communicating with the aliens and the number of studies that followed the telephone signal that was received from space demonstrates this. According to Peters in his speaking to the space discourse, there is no other kind of communication other than that with the aliens, a statement that he supports in his writing. Whenever we speak, we speak to the air and the aliens are the real occupants of space according to this discourse. The electroma gnetic communication that occurs from voice vibration results into the travel of sound into space, which incites the aliens. All communication, whether between ourselves may seem to be internal communication but it is all directed to the others who are not part of the ‘us’ (Peters 235). With communication, misunderstanding occurs from several avenues and this may be possible in instances where there is no otherness. However, miscommunication with aliens does not occur as a result of the semantics as words have the same meaning but from figuring out what is meant by otherness. Through this statement, Peters refers to the fact that without misrepresentation of the words from the aliens, it would be possible to understand each other’

Uk and Eu have created a legal and regulatory system that encourages Essay

Uk and Eu have created a legal and regulatory system that encourages the adoption and growth of e-commerce - Essay Example 41). This piece of research paper addresses the regulatory activities of UK and EU in last 15 years to encourage the adoption and growth of E-Commerce and how it has provided a framework to protect the rights of consumers. An Overview of EU’s E-Commerce Directive In 2000, European Union has first adopted regulations to foster E-commerce throughout the regions of EU (Plotkin, Wells and Wimmer, 2003, p. 14-60) and in 2002 it also has set certain rules and regulations in order to provide consumers within the EU with more comforts in buying of goods or services from online. One of the very fundamental objective of this regulation was to ensure that customers’ rights are protected. These rules and regulations have clearly defined how the protection can be applied. The protection applied only to those consumers who visited a commercial website setting specific directions regarding how a business should operate its website and virtual business environment (Sparrow 2009, p. 41) . According to EU regulations, every company that operates a virtual website must adhere strictly to the rules and regulations if the business offers good or services to its customers online. When a business fails to strictly comply with these regulations, the business will be legally liable and will be prosecuted accordingly. EU’s regulations about E-Commerce has been considered to be a cornerstone in electronic marketplace. These regulations, often termed as E-Commerce Directive or Distance Selling Directive, were established in 2000 to foster the expansion of E-Commerce by developing a ‘country of origin’ rule that promoted free movement of E-Commerce within the EU member countries. The regulations have defined the limit of how extent one member state may regulate electronic commercial activity entering its boarders from another member state (Plotkin, Wells and Wimmer, 2003, p. 14-60). Sparrow (2009, p. 41) stressed that the E-Commerce directive developed by E U was to encourage greater use of E-Commerce by removing the barriers throughout the Europe and to enhance consumers’ confidence by making them and businesses aware of their rights and obligations to each others when dealing through online. The regulations were more likely to promote a single market in Europe by developing movement of ‘information society services’ across the European economic area. EU directive as British Law Internet Magazine in 2002 reported that the E-Commerce regulations implemented by EU has also been adopted by UK and considered as its Law. When it has been considered as part of English law, the wide-ranging legislation particularly affected ISPs and how the businesses would be held if they dealt with illegal content on the websites. When UK has adopted the EU directive, the major intentions were to boost confidence in e-commerce. According to UK’s regulations, those businesses that failed to adhere to the regulations have been subj ect to a ‘stop now’ order by which these businesses were forced to change their online-procedures or business practices. EU Directive promoted growth of E-Commerce Computer Weekly in 2003 reported that European Union’s E-Commerce Directive has already increased the take-up of online services and proved highly

Dracula By Bram Stoker English Literature Essay

Dracula By Bram Stoker English Literature Essay Very famous for introducing Count Dracula and the novel tell the story of Count Dracula a vampire that have been seeking his dead love for hundred years but he finally found it In a young woman named Mina Murray that live in London that takes him to seek her but at the same time a group of men and the famous Van Helsing want to kill count Dracula they unleashes a battle between Dracula and Van helsing Dracula has been assigned to many literary genres including vampire literature, horror fiction, the gothic novel and invasion literature. Characters Details: Primary Characters- Count Dracula: A centuries-old vampire and Transylvanian nobleman, Count Dracula inhabits a crumbling castle in the Carpathian Mountains. He can assume the form of an animal, control the weather, and he is stronger than twenty men. His powers are limited, however for instance, he cannot enter a victims home unless invited, cannot cross water unless carried, and is rendered powerless by daylight. Abraham Van Helsing: A Dutch professor, his pupil is Dr. Seward. Called upon to cure the ailing Lucy Westenra, Van Helsings contributions are essential in the fight against Dracula. Unlike his comrades, Van Helsing is not blinded by the limitations of Western medicine: he knows that he faces a force that cannot be treated with traditional science and reason. Knowledgeable about vampire folklore, Van Helsing becomes Draculas chief antagonist and the leader of the group that hunts Dracula down and destroys him. Jonathan Harker A lawyer, whose firm sends him to Transylvania to conclude a real estate transaction with Dracula. Harker quickly finds himself a prisoner in the castle and barely escapes with his life. He demonstrates a fierce curiosity to discover the true nature of his captor and a strong will to escape. He help Van Helsing defeating Dracula Mina Murray: Jonathan Harkers fiancà ©e. Mina is a practical young beautiful woman who works as a schoolmistress. Eventually victimized by Dracula herself and the best friend of the Lucy Westenra who is the first victim of Dracula Lucy Westenra: Beautiful young woman, every man who meets her wants to marry her or save her life, or both. Lucy chooses Arthur to be his wife, but is Draculas first victim and she became in a vampire that eats the blood of the children but later she is killed by Van Helsing group in her tomb. John Seward: A talented young doctor he is Van Helsings pupil. Seward is the administrator of an insane asylum not far from Draculas English home and the first to see Lucy Westenra after she was injured by Dracula. Sewer notes are better than the other because I took the story through the eyes of Seward Arthur Holmwood: The one that Lucy choose to marry with, he is a sensitive man an is in the moment when they have to kill Lucy in her tomb he also lose his family in a short period he also finances the vampire hunt and lets everyone use his title to gain access to information about Dracula. Quincey P. Morris: Quincey is from Texas. He is an old friend of Arthur Holmwoods and John Sewards. He also wants to be helpful whenever he can. It is his seeming lack of importance that shows his personality Quincey ultimately sacrifices his life in order to rid the world of Draculas influence. Second Characters- Renfield: An inmate in Dr. Sewards insane asylum. He is seduced by Dracula, who he hails as his Master. When he is at his best, he is polite and intelligent and he tries to do the right thing. When he is at his worst, he eats insects for their souls and is completely vulnerable to Draculas will. It is he who allows the Count into Sewards home he is some kind of servant to Dracula Peter Hawkins: Jonathans boss and mentor. He is very generous and has great faith in Jonathan, both as a solicitor and as a person. Plot This story begins with the journal of a man named Jonathan Harker who has travelled to Transylvania to give some documents about the new property in London to count Dracula, when Jonathan arrives to the castle and meet count Dracula he describes Dracula like a pale thin old man and finds strange the castle of count Dracula and have bad feelings about it, then he start to feel dark presence and hearing noises , when he tried to escape from the castle Count Dracula trap him on the castle with other three women vampires, Dracula prepared a ship to go to London . Jonathan has a fiancà ©e, her name is Mina Murray who is waiting for the return of Jonathan, meanwhile she went to the wedding of her friend Lucy Westenra and Arthur Holmwood ,next in the night Mina see that Lucy was in the courtyard and she was attacked by a dark form of monster but when she went to help Lucy she only find her injured and nothing more, then her husband Arthur called the doctor John Seward who Is the one that g ive the treatment to Lucy that consist of giving her a lot of blood transfusions but is seems to have any good results so Seward decides to call his mentor Van Helsing who come from Amsterdam, when he arrives he checked Lucy and he tell them that Lucy cannot be saved them she die. Jonathan has escaped an returned to London thinking about nothing happened in that castle was real when suddenly his boss Peter Hawkins died and leave a great fortune to Jonathan , then he marries Mina. One day Jonathan see Dracula but he cant remember because Dracula has recovered his youth because the blood of his victims then Jonathan went unconscious and that allow mina to read his journal and know what happenen in the castle. Soon there is a rumor of a monster in London that sucks blood from people ,that take Van Helsing to gather Mina, Jonathan, Arthur, Quincey, Seward and to seek Lucys tomb and watch how Lucy wake up in vampire form and they killed her by cutting off her head , Van helsing prepare Mina, Jonathan, Arthur, Quincey and Seward to kill Dracula, but in the search Van helsing realized that Mina was on danger so Helsing and sewer went into Minas room and found Jonathan unconscious and mina in the arms of Dracula drinking blood from him, next Dracula disappear. When th ey think that all is lost Van Helsing tell them that if they kill Dracula after the next day Mina would return back to normal then they use Mina to led them to Draculas place and when they arrive to Transylvania they found the box that have the body of the count but it was protected by some gypsies but they won the battle an kill count Dracula and that make Mina back to normal but Sewer got bad injured and sadly he die, but at least Mina and Jonathan live happily thats the end of the novel Personal Evaluation and conclusion- Book strengths: in this book is written like in journals and letters , and give the point of view of almost all the characters that helps to get in their thoughts and to near feel as they feel in the novel, I liked that so much because this novel dont have only one narration Book Weakness: It can be very heavy for some people because it is divided in journals and different points of view so it can be hard for some people to relate and to follow the story but it has its benefits Sources: Dracula by Bram stoker book in Pdf Wikipedia- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracula Horror novels review- http://usersites.horrorfind.com/home/horror/dracula/bookreviews/bramstokersdracula.html Dracula Characters- http://www.bookrags.com/notes/dra/CHR.html

Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro Caelia By Essay

Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro Caelia By Cicero’s oration in defense of M. Caelius Rufus shows many substantive and stylistic borrowings from the Roman Theater, particularly the comedies of the 2nd century b.c.e. This would scarcely seem remarkable to Cicero, to employ such devices is only to make use of the tools of his trade, as a practical and practicing rhetorician. In this case using the theater as a framing device to guide his audience’s response. So too would the judgments and emotions existing in the cultural reservoir of Greco-Roman, or Attic-Latin stage have met his division of purpose as he considered the permanent written speech, he would set down in the wake of the trial, however it was decided. Half a year back from exile and taking a case where he faced by proxy a personal enemy. Cicero wanted a note that would not only sound loudly when struck, but continue to reverberate. His message needed to rise clear of the verdict of the particular case. Cicero was formally trained as a rhetorician - in Athens -at the Academy. To Cicero oratory was an all pervading endeavor. It was speaking to an audience for a purpose. He seems to accept the prevailing Greek definition of oratory as that division of speech concerned with legal cases and public debates (Cicero, Orator I 6, 22-23). without seeing it as distinct or separate from other speech as not to involve commonality. In On the Orator I it is debated at one point whether oratory truly involves a comprehensive search for the good, or does the Orator merely use an appearance of the truth for effectiveness as part of a natural art or learned set of techniques (Cicero, Orator I 10, 42). Crassus’ somewhat dry answer to Scavola is to observe th... ...pation and eminently transferable in its ability to move and direct the emotions of a audience. This is what we see him putting into practice in the Oration Pro Caelia. Works Cited – In defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus. Political Writings of Cicero. – (from the Course Packet) Beacham, Richard C. Later Stages and Stagings. The Roman Theater and its Audience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press, 1992. Cicero, M. Tullius. On the Orator- book I. Cicero: On the Good Life. trans., ed. Michael Grant. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971. Duckworth, George E. The Nature of Roman Comedy: A Study in Popular Entertainment. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1951 Nesbit, R.G.M. the Orator and the Reader: Manipulation and response in Cicero’s fifth Verrin. Author and Audience in Latin Literature. Tony Woodman & Jonathan Powell eds. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992

Learning management system Essay

Department of Applied Finance and Actuarial Studies Faculty of Business and Economics Unit Guide S1 External Session 1, External 2013 Table of Content Table of Content General Information 2 3 Convenor and teaching staff Credit Points Prerequisites Corequisites Co-badged status Unit Description 3 3 3 3 3 3 Learning Outcomes Assessment Tasks 4 5 Assignments Case Study Quizzes 5 5 6 Unit Schedule Delivery and Resources 7 8 Classes Prizes Required and Recommended Texts and/or Materials Technology Used and Required Unit Web Page Teaching and Learning Strategy Policies and Procedures 8 8. 8 8 8 8 9 Academic Honesty Grades Grading Appeals and Final Examination Script Viewing Special Consideration Policy Student Support UniWISE provides: 9 9 9 9 10 10 Student Enquiry Service Equity Support IT Help 10 10 10 Graduate Capabilities 11 Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative Learning Outcome Assessment Task 11 11 11 Problem Solving and Research Capability Learning Outcome Assessment Task 11 11 11 Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible Learning Outcome 11 11 Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills 11 Learning Outcome Assessment Task 12 12. Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking Assessment Task 12 12 Research and Practice 13 Page 2 of 13 General Information Convenor and teaching staff Unit Convenor: Peter Mordaunt Email: peter. mordaunt@mq. edu. au Consultation Hours: As this course is an online course students can consult with staff through iLearn or through the e-mail addresses above. Students experiencing significant difficulties with any topic in the unit must seek assistance immediately. Other Staff: Sue Wright Email: sue. wright@mq. edu. au Credit Points 2 Prerequisites 45cp Corequisites N/A Co-badged status This unit is not co-badged. Unit Description For details of this unit contact the Faculty of Business and Economics. Page 3 of 13 Learning Outcomes 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 4. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts 5. Compare and contrast different â€Å"employment† structures Page 4 of 13 Assessment Tasks Task Weight Due Date. Linked Learning Outcomes Linked Graduate Capabilities Brief Description Assignments 10% See timetable in iLearn 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 8 Tasks set for students Case Study 50% See timetable in iLearn 2 1, 2, 8 A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Quizzes 40% See course timetable in iLearn 3, 4 3 A series of online multiple choice quizzes Assignments Due Date: See timetable in iLearn Weight: 10% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the student’s responsibility to have available and access to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the student’s technology,the student’s internet provider or the student’s internet connectivity. S ubmission Submission is on-line. Module 1 assignment due by mid-night 11th March 2013. Module 2 assignment due by mid-night 25th March 2013. Extension No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted their assignment prior to the due date will be awarded a mark of 0 for the assignment, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is made and approved. Penalties See extension. What is required to complete the unit satisfactorily. In order to pass this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Case Study Due Date: See timetable in iLearn Weight: 50% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the student’s responsibility to have available and access to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the student’s technology, the student’s internet provider or the student’s internet connectivity. Submission Subm ission is on-line. C ase Study answer due by m id-night 20th May 2013. Page 5 of 13 Extension No extension will be granted. Students who have not submitted the case study prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0, except for cases in which an application for special consideration is m ade and approved. Penalties See extension What is required to com plete the unit satisfactorily. In order to pass this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Quizzes Due Date: See course timetable in iLearn Weight: 40% Warning This is an online course and therefore it is the student’s responsibility to have available and access to the technology to access the material and to complete the tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the student’s technology, the student’s internet provider or the student’s internet connectivity. Submission Subm ission is on line. Module 1:Q uiz 1 on the 8th April 2013 Q uiz 2 on the 29th April 2013 Q uiz 3 on the 6th May 2013 Q uiz 4 on the 20th May 2013 Module 4:Q uiz on the 3rd June 2013 Module 5:Q uiz on the 7th June 2013 Extension No extensions will be granted. Students who have not attempted a quiz prior to the deadline will be awarded a mark of 0, except for cases in which an application for specila consideration is m adenand approved. Penalties See extension. What is required to complete the unit satisfactorily? In order to pass this subject, students m ust pass the case study, which enables them to dem onstrate their accum ulated and integrated understanding of the unit m aterial. If perform ance in the case study does not dem onstrate this level of achievem ent, a passing grade overall can be achieved by higher perform ance in the quizzes and the assignm ents. Page 6 of 13 Unit Schedule Modules 1. Goals (anticipated student workload 4 hours) Online presentation of content Online discussion Reading/website reference. Set your own goals Individually written discussion 2. Budgets (anticipated student workload 5 hours) Online presentation of content Your Money – ASIC resource and associated activities Online discussion Complete, explain & submit your own budget 3. Investments (anticipated student workload 50 hours) Basic Principles Interest calculations Tax Overview of Financial Scams Overview of investment options Overview of debt management Overview of Superannuation Asset protection issues Case Study Complete online tests 4. Common Contracts (anticipated student workload 20 hours) Introduction. Overview of common contracts Online Test 5. â€Å"Employment† Structures (anticipated student workload 12 hours) Introduction Overview of common employment structures Online Test Again, please note: it is the student’s responsibility to have available or access to the technology to access the material and to complete the assigned tasks. No exceptions or extensions will be granted because of issues with the students’ technology. Page 7 of 13 Delivery and Resources Classes 5 x online modules delivered via iLearn Prizes There are no prizes for this unit. Required and Recommended Texts and/or Materials. Students will be referred to online resources via iLearn as required for each module. Technology Used and Required Technology used iLearn Microsoft Office Internet Voice boards Technology requirements Access to a computer Access to Microsoft Office Access to the Internet Unit Web Page Course material is available on the learning management system (iLearn). The web page for this unit can be found at www. iLearn. mq. edu. au Teaching and Learning Strategy Students are expected to listen to online lectures and read the material supplied via the Learning Management System. Students are expected to apply the knowledge in answering the various quizzes and assignments. Page 8 of 13 Policies and Procedures Macquarie University policies and procedures are accessible from P olicy Central. Students should be aware of the following policies in particular with regard to Learning and Teaching: Academic Honesty Policy http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/academic_honesty/policy. html Assessment Policy http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/assessment/policy. html Grade Appeal Policy http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/gradeappeal/policy. html Special Consideration Policy http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/special_consideration/policy. html In addition, a number of other policies can be found in the L earning and Teaching Category of Policy Central. Academic Honesty The nature of scholarly endeavour, dependent as it is on the work of others, binds all members of the University community to abide by the principles of academic honesty. Its fundamental principle is that all staff and students act with integrity in the creation, development, application and use of ideas and information. This means that: all academic work claimed as original is the work of the author making the claim all academic collaborations are acknowledged academic work is not falsified in any way when the ideas of others are used, these ideas are acknowledged appropriately. Further information on the academic honesty can be found in the Macquarie University Academic Honesty Policy at http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/academic_honesty/policy. html Grades Macquarie University uses the following grades in coursework units of study: HD – High Distinction D – Distinction. CR – Credit P – Pass F – Fail Grade descriptors and other information concerning grading are contained in the Macquarie University Grading Policy which is available at: http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/grading/policy. html Grading Appeals and Final Examination Script Viewing If, at the conclusion of the unit, you have performed below expectations, and are considering lodging an appeal of grade and/or viewing your final exam script please refer to the following website which provides information about these processes and the cut off dates in the first instance. Please read the instructions provided concerning what constitutes a valid grounds for appeal before appealing your grade. http://www. businessandeconomics. mq. edu. au/new_and_current_students/undergraduate_current_students/how_do_i/grade_appeals/ Special Consideration Policy The University is committed to equity and fairness in all aspects of its learning and teaching. In stating this commitment, the University recognises that there may be circumstances where a student is prevented by unavoidable disruption from performing in accordance with their ability. A special consideration policy exists to support students who experience serious and unavoidable disruption such that they do not reach their usual demonstrated performance level. The policy is available at: http://www. mq. edu. au/policy/docs/special_consideration/policy. html Page 9 of 13 Student Support Macquarie University provides a range of Academic Student Support Services. Details of these services can be accessed at: http://students. mq. edu. au/support/ UniWISE provides: Online learning resources and academic skills workshops http://www. mq. edu. au/learning_skills/ Personal assistance with your learning & study related questions. The Learning Help Desk is located in the Library foyer (level 2). Online and on-campus orientation events run by Mentors@Macquarie. Student Enquiry Service Details of these services can be accessed at http://www. student. mq. edu. au/ses/. Equity Support Students with a disability are encouraged to contact the Disability Support Unit who can provide appropriate help with any issues that arise during their studies. IT Help If you wish to receive IT help, we would be glad to assist you at http://informatics. mq. edu. au/help/. W hen using the university’s IT, you must adhere to the Acceptable Use Policy . The policy applies to all who connect to the MQ network including students and it outlines what can be done. Page 10 of 13 Graduate Capabilities Capable of Professional and Personal Judgement and Initiative We want our graduates to have emotional intelligence and sound interpersonal skills and to demonstrate discernment and common sense in their professional and personal judgement. They will exercise initiative as needed. They will be capable of risk assessment, and be able to handle ambiguity and complexity, enabling them to be adaptable in diverse and changing environments. This graduate capability is supported by: Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Problem Solving and Research Capability. Our graduates should be capable of researching; of analysing, and interpreting and assessing data and information in various forms; of drawing connections across fields of knowledge; and they should be able to relate their knowledge to complex situations at work or in the world, in order to diagnose and solve problems. We want them to have the confidence to take the initiative in doing so, within an awareness of their own limitations. This graduate capability is supported by: Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A series of online multiple choice quizzes Socially and Environmentally Active and Responsible We want our graduates to be aware of and have respect for self and others; to be able to work with others as a leader and a team player; to have a sense of connectedness with others and country; and to have a sense of mutual obligation. Our graduates should be informed and active participants in moving society towards sustainability. This graduate capability is supported by: Learning Outcome 1. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 2. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts Discipline Specific Knowledge and Skills Page 11 of 13 Our graduates will take with them the intellectual development, depth and breadth of knowledge, scholarly understanding, and specific subject content in their chosen fields to make them competent and confident in their subject or profession. They will be able to demonstrate, where relevant, professional technical competence and meet professional standards. They will be able to articulate the structure of knowledge of their discipline, be able to adapt discipline-specific knowledge to novel situations, and be able to contribute from their discipline to inter-disciplinary solutions to problems. This graduate capability is supported by: Learning Outcome 1. Develop personal financial goals as appropriate to anticipated life stages 2. Construct and maintain a working budget using appropriate financial tools 3. Select appropriate investment instruments to support budget results and achieve financial goals 4. Recognize the features and implications of common financial contracts Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Critical, Analytical and Integrative Thinking We want our graduates to be capable of reasoning, questioning and analysing, and to integrate and synthesise learning and knowledge from a range of sources and environments; to be able to critique constraints, assumptions and limitations; to be able to think independently and systemically in relation to scholarly activity, in the workplace, and in the world. We want them to have a level of scientific and information technology literacy. This graduate capability is supported by: Assessment Task 1. Tasks set for students 2. A case study covering material in Modules 1,2 & 3 Page 12 of 13 Research and Practice This unit uses research from external sources. This unit gives you practice in applying research findings in your assignments.

Effect And Management Of Stroke Health And Social Care Essay

A shot, antecedently known medically as a cerebrovascular accident ( CVA ) , is the quickly underdeveloped loss of encephalon map ( s ) due to disturbance in the blood supply to the encephalon. This can be due to ischemia ( deficiency of blood flow ) caused by obstruction ( thrombosis, arterial intercalation ) , or a bleeding ( escape of blood ) .As a consequence, the affected country of the encephalon is unable to map, taking to inability to travel one or more limbs on one side of the organic structure, inability to understand or explicate address, or an inability to see one side of the ocular field. A shot is a medical exigency and can do lasting neurological harm, complications, and even decease. . A shot is on occasion treated in a infirmary with thrombolysis ( besides known as a â€Å" coagulum fellow † ) . Post-stroke bar may affect the disposal of antiplatelet drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole control and decrease of high blood pressure, the usage of lipid-lowering medicines, and in selected patients with carotid endarterectomy, the usage of decoagulants. Treatment to retrieve any lost map is stroke rehabilitation, affecting wellness professions such as address and linguistic communication therapy, physical therapy and occupational therapy. Definition The traditional definition of shot, devised by the World Health Organization in the 1970s, is a â€Å" neurological shortage of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by decease within 24 hours † . Epidemiology Stroke could shortly be the most common cause of decease worldwide.It affects about 700,000 persons each twelvemonth ; about 500,000 are new shots and 200,000 are perennial strokes.The incidence of shot additions exponentially from 30 old ages of age, and etiology varies by age. 95 % of shots occur in people age 45 and older, and two-thirds of shots occur in those over the age of 65 old ages. A individual ‘s hazard of deceasing if he or she does hold a shot besides increases with age. However, stroke can happen at any age, including in foetuss. Family members may hold a familial inclination for shot or portion a life style that contributes to stroke. Higher degrees of Von Willebrand factor are more common amongst people who have had ischaemic shot for the first clip, the lone important familial factor was the individual ‘s blood type. Work forces are 25 % more likely to endure shots than adult females, yet 60 % of deceases from shot occur in women.Some hazard factors for shot apply merely to adult females. Primary among these are gestation, childbearing, climacteric and the intervention thereof ( HRT ) . The prevalence of shot, WHO estimated that in 1990, out of 9.4 million deceases an India 6,19,000 were due to stroke.EtiologyNarrowing or complete closing of the vass providing the encephalon by thrombosis or intercalation. Arteritis Collagen vascular diseases-SLE, Polyarteritis Nodosa Bleeding Vertical compaction Arterial crampThrombotic shot:In thrombotic stroke a thrombus ( blood coagulum ) normally forms around atherosclerotic plaques. A thrombus itself ( even if non-occluding ) can take to an embolic shot, if the thrombus breaks off, at which point it is called an â€Å" embolus. †Embolic strokeAn embolic shot refers to the obstruction of an arteria by an arterial embolus, a travelling atom or dust in the arterial blood stream arising from elsewhere. An embolus is most often a thrombus, but it can besides be a figure of other substances including fat ( e.g. from bone marrow in a broken bone ) , air, malignant neoplastic disease cells or bunchs of bacteriums ( normally from infective endocarditis ) .Venous thrombosisCerebral venous fistula thrombosis leads to stroke due to locally increased venous force per unit area, which exceeds the force per unit area generated by the arterias. Infarcts are more likely to undergo haemorrhagic transmutation ( leaking of blood into the damaged cou ntry ) than other types of ischaemic shot.Intracerebral bleedingIt by and large occurs in little arterias or arteriolas and is normally due to high blood pressure, intracranial vascular deformities ( including cavernous angiomas or arteriovenous deformities ) , intellectual amyloid angiopathy, or infarcts into which secondary bleeding has Occurred.Other possible causes are trauma, shed blooding upsets, starchlike angiopathy, illicit drug usage ( e.g. pep pills or cocaine ) .Types of StrokeStrokes can be classified into two major classs: ischaemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic shots are those that are caused by break of the blood supply. Hemorrhagic shots are the 1s which result from rupture of a blood vas or an unnatural vascular construction. About 87 % of shots are caused by ischaemia, and the balance by bleeding. Some bleedings develop inside countries of ischaemia ( â€Å" haemorrhagic transmutation † Ischemic Stroke In an ischaemic shot, blood supply to portion of the encephalon is decreased, taking to disfunction of the encephalon tissue in that country. There are four grounds why this might go on: Thrombosis ( obstructor of a blood vas by a blood coagulum organizing locally ) . Embolism ( obstructor due to an embolus from elsewhere in the organic structure ) . Systemic hypoperfusion ( general lessening in blood supply, e.g. in daze ) . Venous thrombosis. Stroke without an obvious account is termed â€Å" cryptogenic † ( of unknown beginning ) ; this constitutes 30-40 % of all ischaemic shots.Haemorrhagic StrokeIntracranial bleeding is the accretion of blood anyplace within the skull vault. A differentiation is made between intra-axial bleeding ( blood inside the encephalon ) and extra-axial bleeding ( blood inside the skull but outside the encephalon ) . Intra-axial bleeding is due to intraparenchymal bleeding or intraventricular bleeding ( blood in the ventricular system ) . The chief types of extra-axial bleeding are extradural haematoma ( shed blooding between the dura mater and the skull ) , subdural haematoma ( in the subdural infinite ) and subarachnoid bleeding ( between the arachnidian mater and Indian arrowroot mater ) . Most of the haemorrhagic shot syndromes have specific symptoms ( e.g. concern, old caput hurt ) . Signs and symptoms Common Signs of a Stroke: Numbness or failing of the face, arm, or leg, particularly on one side of your organic structure. Trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Trouble walking, giddiness, loss of balance or coordination. Confusion or problem speech production or understanding address. Severe concern with no known cause. Symptoms may include: Stroke symptoms typically start all of a sudden, over seconds to proceedingss, and in most instances do non come on farther. The symptoms depend on the country of the encephalon affected. The more extended the country of encephalon affected, the more maps that are likely to be lost. Most signifiers of shot are non associated with concern, apart from subarachnoid bleeding and intellectual venous thrombosis and on occasion intracerebral bleeding. Simple Test for the Presence of Stroke: If the patient is witting, have him/her stick their lingua out and bespeak them to travel it from left to compensate. If they can non execute this simple undertaking opportunities are they are holding a shot. Hand Grasps: Have the patient catch your custodies and squeezing. Marked difference in the strength between left and right denotes possible shot. The weaker side is the side the shot is happening on. Mouth Droop: If you notice a unquestionably downward sag on either side of the oral cavity besides can be a mark of a cerebrovascular accident is go oning. A simple failing may come on to an inability to travel the arm and leg on one side of the organic structure.Stroke Warning Signs:Harmonizing to ; The American Stroke Association the warning marks of shot are: Sudden numbness or failing of the face, arm or leg, particularly on one side of the organic structure. Sudden confusion, problem speech production or apprehension. Sudden problem seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden problem walking, giddiness, loss of balance or co-ordination. Sudden, terrible concern with no known cause.Pathophysiology:Break of Blood Flow for few proceedingssa† Ã¢â‚¬Å"Complete intellectual circulatory apprehension ( Ischaemia )a† Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ischaemic cascade – a figure of damaging but reversible eventsa† Ã¢â‚¬Å"Perturbation of Energy Metabolism due to let go of of extra Neurotransmitters ( glutamate, aspartate )a† Ã¢â‚¬Å"Inability of encephalon cells to bring forth energya† Ã¢â‚¬Å"Increased Ca inflowACa+ Intracellular phospholipid Stimulates release of azotic oxide & A ; cryptokines signifiers Free groups Damages the encephalon cells furtherHazard factorsModifiable hazard factors High blood force per unit area and atrial fibrillation. High blood cholesterin degrees Diabetess Cigarette smoke ( active and inactive ) Heavy intoxicant ingestion and drug usage Lack of physical activity Fleshiness Unhealthy diet. Oral preventives Transeunt Ischemic AttacksNon-Modifiable hazard factorsAge Race Gender Family History of StrokeDamages and functional disablement due to strokeDisability affects 75 % of shot subsisters plenty to diminish their employability. Stroke can impact patients physically, mentally, emotionally, or a combination of the three disfunctions correspond to countries in the encephalon that have been damaged. Physical disablements that can ensue from shot include: Muscle failing, Numbness, Pressure sores, Pneumonia, Incontinence, Apraxia ( inability to execute erudite motions ) , troubles transporting out day-to-day activities, Appetite loss, Speech loss, vision loss, Pain. If the shot is terrible plenty, or in a certain location such as parts of the brain-stem, coma or decease can ensue. Emotional jobs ensuing from shot can ensue from direct harm to emotional centres in the encephalon or from defeat and trouble accommodating to new restrictions. Post-stroke emotional troubles include anxiousness, panic onslaughts, level affect ( failure to show emotions ) , mania, apathy, and psychosis. Cognitive shortages ensuing from shot include perceptual upsets, address jobs, dementedness, and jobs with attending and memory. A shot sick person may be unaware of his or her ain disablements, a status called anosognosia. In a status called hemispatial disregard, a patient is unable to go to to anything on the side of infinite antonym to the damaged hemisphere. Complications: Inability to take part in activities of day-to-day life Pain Recurrent shots. Emotional troublesConsequence of shot on arm and manus mapStroke is the figure one cause of neurological disablement in many states. About 85 % of patients admitted to hospital for shot present with jobs with their weaponries and custodies. Stroke-related physical damages such as musculus failing, hurting, and spasticity can take to a decrease in the ability to utilize the stroke-affected arm and manus in day-to-day activities. In fact, the turning away of utilizing one ‘s stroke-affected arm is so common, that there is even a name for it â€Å" learned non-use syndrome † . Unfortunately, non utilizing the stroke-affected arm can take to a farther loss in strength, scope of gesture, and all right motor accomplishments. These can so ensue in contractures, hurting and terrible bone loss ( osteoporosis ) .ManagementMedical direction:Understating residuary defects Hypovolaemic haemodilution Anticoagulants Antiplatelet therapy Antihypertensive drugsPhysiotherapy Management:Passive mobilisation Passive neuromuscular facilitation Constraint induced motion therapy Balance preparation Bobath therapy